Hypertension is the state of the body in which the vessels are constantly experiencing increased blood pressure: systolic blood pressure is equal to or exceeds 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure equal to or exceeds 90 mm hg.
The diagnosis of "hypertension" is made in cases where, according to pressure measurements made within two different days, the value of systolic pressure on both days or exceeds 140 mm RT. Art. And/or the value of diastolic pressure on both days or exceeds 90 mm hg. Art.
The danger of this condition lies in the risk of damage to the heart or blood vessels in other organs, such as the brain and the kidneys.
Important: Hypertension is the most importantPreventiveThe cause of the heart and stroke diseases around the world
Encouraged hypertension can lead to a heart attack, an increase in the heart and finally for heart failure. Expansion (aneurysms) can develop in blood vessels and vulnerable places in which blood vessels are more likely to get clogged and torn. Pressure in blood vessels can lead to brain bleeding and stroke development. Hypertension can also lead to renal failure, blindness and cognitive impairment.
Hypertension is called a "quiet killer". Most patients with hypertension do not even suspect the problem, as hypertension usually does not give signs of anxiety and continues asymptomatic.
We invite everyone to use the medical program to evaluate the condition of their cardiovascular system and obtain advice from all necessary specialists.
Risk factors for the development of hypertension
Stress, overdone mental and mental work
Studies show that hypertension more often people are sick whose vital activity is associated with a constant nerve overload. Thus, for example, in residents of great megacities, hypertension is much more common than people living in rural areas.
Hypertension and stress are inextricably linked, so it is necessary to treat both diseases.
Every room man and every fifth woman in the world, blood pressure is increased
Studies show that hypertension more often people are sick whose vital activity is associated with a constant nerve overload. Thus, for example, in residents of great megacities, hypertension is much more common than people living in rural areas.
Hypertension and stress are inextricably linked, so it is necessary to treat both diseases.Hypertension complications are the cause of 9, 4 million annual cases of death in the world (who)
Hypodinamia
Hypodynamia is a decrease in muscle load due to a sedentary lifestyle. A modern resident of the city is not involved in physical labor, prefers to use vehicles, even at short distances, instead of walking, and spends free time on a computer or TV. Only 1 % is involved in recreational sports and 5 % do morning gymnastics.
As a result, this way of life leads to significant changes in all body life support systems, especially cardiovascular and nervous.
The combination of hypodinamia and stress makes a person extremely vulnerable to hypertension and its complications. Adrenaline, produced at the time of stress, stimulates the production of glucocorticoids, which in turn stimulates increased blood sugar and increased blood pressure.
In an immobilized organism, adrenaline and sugar, instead of "burning" with energy release, remain in blood vessels for a long time and lead not only to a long increase in pressure but also to heart attacks and blows.
Overweight
To determine whether there is overweight or not, they use body mass index. It is calculated as the proportion of body weight in kilograms for a square of growth in meters. If the result exceeds 25 kg/sq. m in young people and 27 kg/sq. M in older people, but does not exceed 30 kg/sq. M, that means there is overweight. If the index indicator is above 30 kg/sq. M, in this case, we are talking about clinically pronounced obesity.
More than half of patients with hypertension suffers from obesity.
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease in which an accumulation of excessive amounts of fat in adipose tissue is observed.
Numerous scientific studies have proven that a decrease in excess fat by 5 to 10% leads to a decrease in increased blood pressure and an improvement in control over the disease.
Loss of every 5 kg of overweight can help reduce systolic blood pressure by 2 to 10 points.
Other Risk Factors
An unhealthy diet - excessive salt consumption, significant content of saturated fats and trans fats in foods, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits. As well as the use of tobacco and alcohol.
Increased risk factors that are not controlled include hereditary predisposition, age and concomitant diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease.
Hypertension Prevention
Every adult must control his blood pressure. In case of increased pressure, you need to get an appointment with a doctor.
Less than a fifth hypertension controls its condition
People with high blood pressure, who also have high blood sugar, increased blood cholesterol or kidney problems increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Therefore, it is important to regularly verify the level of blood sugar, blood cholesterol and protein level in the urine.
To minimize the risk of high blood pressure and its adverse consequences, everyone can take a number of specific steps:
Mental balance
Soul Bem -Ser and Positive Emotional State are indispensable conditions for maintaining health. What is especially important for patients with hypertension or predisposed to their development, because the disease is directly related to an inappropriate reaction to stress.
It is necessary to learn how to manage stress in healthy ways such as meditation, various types of psychotherapy and positive social contacts.
Experts at the Center for Cardiology: Neurologists, Psychotherapists and Cardiologists will give comprehensive recommendations and teach to face stress.
Walking in a fairy forest around a sanatorium and outdoor activities will give you a good accusation of vigor. Knowledge of local attractions will give you spiritual balance.
Physical activity
The second component of hypertension prevention is sufficient motor activity, without which we all suffer from the manifestations of hypodinâmia to varying degrees.
For a resident of the city, it will be ideal to walk daily at least 1 hour in the conditions of a forest park area.
At the Cardiological Sanitary Center, under the program, the Dosed Walk, the gym menotherapy, the Aquaerobic group in the pool as part of the program and competitions based in the city are held.
Patients with the disease already showing the disease should be involved in physical therapy exercises.
It is necessary to adhere to the rational alternation regime of work and rest. Any kind of overwork should not be allowed, both mental and physical.
A healthy physiological dream is of great importance, in which the body rests on all cargo. Patients in the early stage of hypertension should sleep at least 8-9 hours a day.
Healthy diet
In preventing hypertension, nutrition or proper diet with clinically expressed forms of the disease is of great importance.
Carbohydrates
Here you should give preference to vegetables and fruits as this will allow you to receive enough fiber, vitamins and minerals.
Squirrels
When choosing proteins, you should refuse or limit meat products in favor of dairy and vegetables.
Fat
Total fat intake should be reduced. Try to replace animal fats with plants and between animal fats should be more fish.
A medicine for patients with hypertension can be a diet with a table salt restriction. No more than 5 g (a little less than one teaspoon) are allowed per day, which greatly facilitates control over the blood pressure level.
Maintain normal weight
Reducing overweight or treatment of obesity is the main factor that can lead to satisfactory control over blood pressure and even in some cases to abandon the correction of the medicine of the latter.
An effective means to normalize weight is diet and various types of physical activity.
Rejection of bad habits
If a person is prone to drink alcohol in large doses, smoke, the risk of hypertension increases repeatedly.
The reception of alcohol promotes spasm of peripheral vessels and increased pressure due to the growth of vascular resistance.
After smoking, the cholesterol level increases, which is due to the ingestion of a large amount of adrenaline and norepinephrine of the adrenal glands. There is even a medical term - hypertension of nicotine.
Physical methods for the prevention of development and exacerbations of hypertension
Hydrotherapy
Aquatic water (hydrotherapy) is a powerful means of cure, prevention and treatment of hypertension. Water can affect the body such as temperature, mechanical or chemical stimulus, and the choice depends on the need for a specific exposure factor.
The temperature factor is the most important in choosing a hydrotherapy. Skin capillaries expand and restrict in response to the effects of water at various temperatures. In this case, there is an increase in blood flow or its decrease. Cold water also leads to a slowdown and increased cardiac contractions and increases blood pressure. Hot water reduces pressure, accelerates heartbeat and weakens cardiac contractions
Most of the time, to avoid exacerbations of hypertension, water of indifferent temperature is used, which is indicated for excessive nerve excitability, irritability, heart disorders, insomnia.
Hydrotherapy procedures for stage III hypertension are against -indicated.
Before using water procedures as treatment, you should consult a doctor.
For hypertension of I-II stages, rain, dust and circular shower are used using indifferent or hot water with moderate pressure from water jets.
Baths can be common and local, for hypertension, are used for therapeutic and preventive purposes. Medicinal baths for hypertension are limited to the use of conifer extract.
MEDICINAL ELECTROFORESIS
This is the use of the galvanic current for non -invasive intestinal administration of various medications. Under the influence of the galvanic current, drug ions enter the skin and are delayed in the anode area, which creates a type of medicinal deposit. The drug goes into the bloodstream slowly, which increases the duration of its effect on the body. The body also affects the positive effects of the galvanic current.
Electrophoresis is indicated in the early stages of hypertension. In Phase III, it is against it. Against -Indications are neoplasms, acute inflammatory processes of any location, harmed blood coagulation processes, pronounced atherosclerosis, decompensated diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, pregnancy, individual intolerance to the galvanic current.
Specialized centers use various types of physical therapy under the control of experts.
Medical Physical Education (Exercise Therapy)
Physical education of the media is used at all stages of hypertension for the prevention of hypertensive crises and complications of the disease. Includes any accessible types of exercise - dosed walk, morning gymnastics, terrenur and swimming.
"Exercise can replace many medications, but no medicine in the world can replace exercise"
The best way to prevent is morning gymnastics or loading, which allows you to prepare the body for labor day, stimulates the processes of nerve regulation of blood circulation and the reactivity of the vascular system as a whole.
If the disease has already developed, you should add a daily therapeutic gymnastics complex to morning gymnastics.
Centers conduct individual and group of physical therapy exercises under the guidance of professional exercise therapy instructors.
Drug therapy
The selection of medicines for the treatment and prevention of hypertension exacerbations should be performed only by a doctor.
Drug therapy becomes necessary in the second stage of the disease, when blood pressure reaches significant indicators with regular measurement.
The basic principle isindividualSelection of anti -hypertensive medications for each patient.
Dear readers, the articles are introductory in nature. Before applying recommendations, you need to consult a doctor.